Dark Energy, 𝜙CDM Model, Phantom.

From the 20th century, with the beginning of modern cosmology, there were extensive studies on the hypothesis of dark energy, a form of energy present in space that accele- rates the expansion of our universe. Among the many theories that explain this concept, we chose to work with Quintessence, a theory in which dark energy is described in terms of a scalar field 𝜙CDM . More specifically, we will work with a type of energy called phantom, which is characterized by the state parameter ω < −1. For this, we will use the 𝜙CDM model, an alternative to the standard model ΛCDM, exploring its scalar field and its energy-momentum tensor. Therefore, we sought to test the phantom field statistically using the χ2 method and verify its accuracy against observational data.