The presence of persistent drugs in water bodies, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), has caused concern among researchers. Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidative process that can be used in the degradation of persistent compounds using irradiation-activated semiconductors, an area where bismuth vanadate has been highlighted by the narrow band gap. The present research studied the degradation of HCQ using bismuth vanadate as a catalyst, evaluating as parameters the material concentration and the pH of the medium. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and photocatalytic tests were followed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The material showed the monoclinic phase of bismuth vanadate and a band-gap of 2.45 eV. The percentage of mineralization of the molecule was obtained from measurements of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and the monitoring of intermediates by Ion Chromatography (IC). Photocatalytic tests showed that the concentration of 250 ppm of bismuth vanadate in basic medium was more efficient, removing 74.2% of HCQ and 34.55% of TOC in 180 min. Some intermediates, such as the succinate ion, have been identified.

Environmental problems are often caused by human actions. The use of fossil fuels, in addition to being a non-renewable energy, generates toxic gases when burned that end up polluting the air. In view of this, the use of biodiesel, which is a renewable energy, emerges as an alternative, coming from a green process, since with the use of raw material of oleaginous origin, it allows them to be captured by the plants, reducing the emission of carbon dioxide. As far as the development of heterogeneous catalysts is concerned, this method allows for easy recovery after the reaction process. Obtaining different types of catalysts can be acquired by modifying the synthesis sources, allowing the formation of different types of structures. These materials can possess novel physical and chemical properties, high surface-to-volume ratios, as well as surface properties at such a scale. With regard to the advantages of using niobium-based materials, it is important to emphasize that this metal is abundant in Brazil, in addition to having a wide range of applications, such as in electrochemistry and catalysis . Thus, the objective of this work is to obtain niobium structures, with different types of synthesis precursors through alkaline hydrothermal synthesis, free of templates and impregnate these structures with nickel oxide for application in biodiesel. These materials were characterized in order to determine and compare their structural properties such as XRD, SEM, TG/DTG and FTIR. The SEM results showed that it was possible to obtain different types of Nb morphologies by changing the sources of synthesis by the method used, providing the formation of the morphology of tubular and cubic structures. XRD analysis indicated that the structures obtained are composed of sodium niobates. The insertion of nickel metal in the best condition of tubular morphology catalyst was efficient according to the physicochemical analyses. Thermogravimetric analyzes showed that the tubular structures presented a catalytic activity with conversion of 90% of fatty acids into methyl esters. In view of this, the application of these tubular catalysts in a transesterification reaction are promising materials since they present a high conversion in the formation of biodiesel.

Hypostomus paparie is a fish belonging to the Siluriformes order, Loricariidae Family, inhabiting neotropical regions. Within the neotropical region, there is a semi-arid region, characterized by strong sunlight, high temperatures, scarce, irregular rainfall, and short precipitation periods. Another particularity of semi-arid waters is their use for leisure activities, fishing, agriculture, livestock, water supply for cities, and electricity production. These characteristics lead some rivers to have hypoxic waters at certain times of the year. Throughout evolution, some fish species developed adaptations to survive in this kind of environment, such as using part of the digestive system
for facultative air breathing. The objective of this work is to characterize the digestive system of H. paparie in order to contribute to research related to understanding the anatomy and ecology of thesee species. For the methodology, 10 specimens were used, collected from the Apodi-Mossoró river, a stretch where the Santa Cruz dam is located, in Apodi city. The animals were taken to the laboratory for the preparation of histological slides. After the analyses, pictures were taken with the aid of a photomicroscope. The analyzes showed that H. paparie starts its digestion in the esophagus, with more intensity in the intestine. The stomach has a dual function, digestion, and respiration, with digestion being more prominent in the cardiac region and respiration in the pyloric region. The intestine front part also does breathing work in addition to digestion. The middle and posterior region was characterized by their digestive activity.

Biodiesel is a biodegradable fuel derived from renewable sources and the most promising substitute for fossil fuels. It can be obtained through several routes, with emphasis on esterification and transesterification reactions. For both reactions, the need to use heterogeneous catalysts has been seen, so that benefits are added and good catalytic performance is obtained. The production of biodiesel from the transesterification reaction has glycerol as a co-product, with the high volume generated, the industries have become unable to absorb its high generated volume, so there are high amounts of glycerol without proper disposal, so that it has been alternatives for its valorization have been studied, one of them being its use as a bioadditive, for which the production of triacetin by the glycerol acetylation reaction has been highlighted. Thus, this work aims at obtaining biodiesel from sunflower oil via esterification reaction and obtaining triacetin from glycerol via acetylation reaction, both using niobium-based catalysts supported on SBA-15. The catalysts were obtained from the material bank of the Laboratory of Catalysis Environment and Materials - LACAM and the proper characterizations can be found in the reference literature. To obtain biodiesel, the hydrolysis of sunflower oil was initially performed in a reflux system, with a molar ratio of 1:3 oil/methanol and 1% sodium hydroxide, and then esterification with a molar ratio of oil/methanol. methanol of 1:12 using 3%, of the Nb30SBA-15 catalyst in relation to the mass of oil used, then the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra - NMR, Thermogravimetric curves (TGA) were obtained and the yields were evaluated. To obtain triacetin, a glycerol acetylation reaction was carried out in a reflux system, with a molar ratio of 1:6 glycerol/acetic acid and 5% of the catalysts Nb15SBA-15 and Nb30SBA-15 separately. Then, with the product obtained and the same catalysts as in the previous reaction, a new acetylation reaction was carried out, with a molar ratio of 1:3 of the products obtained/acetic anhydride. At the end of this reaction, the yields obtained were evaluated and the characterization technique called gas chromatography was applied. From the characterizations carried out, the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil using the Nb30SBA-15 catalyst presented a yield of 80.94% and conversion of 70% approaching reactions that used homogeneous catalysts and the glycerol acetylation reactions showed high selectivity for triacetin, Nb30SBA-15 showed selectivity of 100%, being superior to the standard reaction, of homogeneous catalysis. Thus, niobiosilicates are a promising alternative both for obtaining biodiesel and bioadditives, from the processing of a co-product of its production. In both processes, the use of catalysts, in addition to high efficiency, facilitate the separation of the reaction medium, provide low cost and allow reuse, thus bringing numerous environmental and economic benefits.

The use of antibiotics has grown since the creation of penicillin, with that, numerous classes of antibiotics were created and used indiscriminately. Among them is azithromycin, which is a macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin and is used in the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract and skin. With the incidence of the pandemic in 2019, its use by the population increased, which can lead to greater contamination of this drug in water bodies, marine life and result in resistant strains of bacteria. Conventional methods of effluent treatment used in ETAs are not enough to remove azithromycin, therefore, this work proposes the use of Advanced Electrooxidative Processes (AEP's) in the degradation study of this antibiotic using a dimensionally stable anode (Ti/TiO2.IrO2.RuO2 ) in the degradation of synthetic samples of azithromycin (86 mg.L-1) in Na2SO4 medium (0.05 mol.L-1). In this study, three current densities (20, 40 and 60 mA.cm-2) and three different pH (4, 7 and 8.5) were used for six uninterrupted hours. The collected samples were submitted to physical-chemical analyzes of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (NT) via TOC equipment, mass spectrometer (EMAR) for analysis by Electrospray ionization in positive mode (ESI (+)) and ions for analysis of anions and organic acids. As results obtained, the condition of pH 7 and current density 20 mA.cm-2 provided the removal of 40% of TOC and 29.62% of NT; in the conditions of pH 4 and 8.5 and current density 60 mA.cm-2, removals of 39.31% and 43.73% of TOC and 48.76% and 41.41% of NT were achieved, respectively. This work showed that the ternary anode has good efficiency in macrolide removal and is a good alternative in the treatment of real effluents containing traces of this drug, however, its degradative efficiency may vary according to the pH of the effluent. In addition, this work can overcome the lack of publications of articles focused on the degradation of this macrolide using the anodic oxidation method.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a drug indicated for the treatment of malaria, amoebic dysentery and rheumatism, but in recent years it has received prominence for the treatment of Covid-19, even though there is no scientific evidence for its effectiveness. Due to circumstances, its use has been considerably increased, and with it, a greater amount has been released into water bodies. Due to its high recalcitrant potential, methodologies that promote its degradation in water and effluents must be developed. Advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) have been used as an efficient alternative, since they generate reactive and oxidizing free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals, which can lead to the mineralization of pollutants. Among them, anodic oxidation stands out because it involves the use of the electron as the main reagent. In this work, the objective was to evaluate the degradation of HCQ, using a Ti/TiO2RuO2IrO2 ADE. Different current densities (20, 40 and 60 mA cm-2) and initial pH values of the solution (4.0 to 12.0) were evaluated, and HCQ degradation was evaluated by means of absorbance and COD removal percentages. The results of the applied current density effect showed that as the electric charge increases in the medium, the greater the removal of HCQ, due to the increase in the amount of hydroxyl radicals. The application of 40 mA cm-2 provided satisfactory results and very close to the removal obtained with 60 mA cm-2, removing 87% (k = 7.66 x 10-3 min-1) and 91% (k = 8.87 x 10-3 min-1) of absorbance, respectively. Thus, the current density of 40 mA cm-2 was selected for subsequent studies, aiming at a lower energy demand. The study of the pH effect of the initial HCQ solution showed that the acidic and neutral media promote greater efficiency of the drug degradation process. The COD removal percentages were 53% and 57% when the pH values of the HCQ solution were 4.0 and 6.8, respectively; at basic pH this removal decreased considerably. The results show that anodic oxidation is an appropriate alternative to apply in the degradation of HCQ in contaminated environmental samples.

Several anthropic actions negatively influence the marine environment. It is estimated that the harmful effects to the oceans exceed 41%, harming fauna and flora and resulting in population decline of several species. These threats are even greater for seabirds, which have been suffering progressive problems due to human intervention, through the destruction of their habitat, contamination of their food and compromising nesting sites. In the Potiguar Basin region, there is a great deal of tourism, artisanal fishing, shrimp farming and oil and gas exploration and production, which contribute to the deforestation of marine fauna and flora. Seabirds act as environmental sentinels, assisting in the assessment of coastal and marine pollution, also contributing to the diagnosis of zoonotic diseases, identifying early the occurrence of infectious epidemics, for example. In view of the lack of information on the health status and epidemiological characterization of seabirds in the Potiguar Basin (RN/CE), this work is justified by the need to identify and describe the anthropic impacts on these animals, with the aim of indicating mitigation measures for human activities on arrived and dead species in this region. The research was carried out in the coastal areas between the municipalities of Caiçara do Norte - RN and Icapuí - CE, located on the northern coast of the Potiguar Basin, comprising a territorial extension of 332.84 km. Information was collected on the causes of arrivals, causes of death, pathophysiological aspects, therapeutic procedures and successful rehabilitation of seabird species in the Potiguar Basin between the years 2020 and 2022, collected through records available in the Cetacean Project Database. from the White Coast.

Plants are used by different peoples, of different races and ages, whether for curative and/or food purposes, in this context, we seek to verify how medicinal plants are being used by users of the Unified Health System (SUS) as well as which plants are used, method of preparation, collection, parts of plants used and purpose. Associated with the theme of medicinal plants, the theme of environmental health was added, since there is no human health without environmental health, both are strictly related, as mentioned in the concept of unique health. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the population assisted at the Basic Health Unit (UBS) was carried out, but specifically the Hiperdia and Prenatal group, this public was chosen because they are people in whom the use of medicinal plants needs to be Carefully evaluated in that inappropriate use can trigger serious health problems, as well as lead to death, as well as being the groups that had the highest number of participants in the UBS with the return of face-to-face care after the lockdown of the COVID Pandemic -19. The research had a qualitative and exploratory character where a semi-structured questionnaire was used and the respondents were people who are part of the Hiperdia and prenatal group. There was a certain resistance on the part of the respondents not to adhere to the research, as they are discredited that improvements can happen, through the data collected with the population it was possible to observe that there is a need to discuss issues related to medicinal plants and environmental education in the scope of Health Care Primary Health Care (APS) and there is interest on the part of the population in acquiring more knowledge about the topics under study and to contribute to this debate, a booklet was created to be used as informative material in the UBS space.

Cities are one of the greatest transformations and impacts produced by human beings on the natural environment, imposing challenges on the urban sphere of life, including urban environmental quality. Urban environmental quality refers to the environmental satisfaction of urban areas, and their studies provide information on areas that present poor and good environmental quality conditions, seeking to minimize negative impacts on natural resources and improve the quality of life of the population. Mossoró, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, has relevant economic and social influence as the second largest city and only medium-sized city in the state. Throughout its process of urban expansion, planning and municipal management did not contemplate the sustainability of the environment, caused by socio-environmental problems that interfere in the conditions of urban environmental quality of the city. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the conditions of intraurban environmental quality of the municipality of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, seeking to support discussions about the planning and urban management of the city. The nature of this research is basic, with a quantitative approach, before the objectives is descriptive, using bibliographic and documentary research. The socio-environmental variables selected to result in the conditions of intraurban environmental quality of Mossoró were: land cover, vegetation cover, land surface temperature, occurrence of flooding and basic sanitation conditions. For each variable, a thematic letter was elaborated in the free software QGIS 3.10.7 'A Coruña', and negative attributes were defined that were added together to result in the conditions of intraurban environmental quality of Mossoró classified in the classes: good, low, and poor. Throughout the urban expansion of the city of Mossoró, especially from the 1970s, it is possible to classify the city's neighborhoods into central, neighborhoods that are located further to the city center, on the development axis, having better infrastructure, equipment, and public services unlike the peripheral neighborhoods, located on the city's margins. The analysis of the socio-environmental variables land cover, vegetation cover and land surface temperature show that the central neighborhoods are more vulnerable to low intraurban environmental quality due to the concentration of built area, little or absence of vegetation cover and high temperatures, different from what occurs in peripheral neighborhoods. The socio-environmental variable occurrence of flooding indicates the precariousness of the rainwater drainage system in the city, contributing to the reduction of intraurban environmental quality, while the variable basic sanitation conditions proved to be more adequate in the central neighborhoods, to have better infrastructure conditions. As a result of the conditions of intraurban environmental quality of Mossoró, it is possible to identify that the condition of good intraurban environmental quality is present in areas of the peripheral neighborhoods of the city, the condition of low intraurban environmental quality is located mainly in areas of the peripheral neighborhoods, and the condition of poor intraurban environmental quality arises punctually in areas of the central and peripheral neighborhoods. It is recommended actions and measures related to the planning and municipal management of Mossoró with a focus on preservation, conservation, and improvement according to each condition.

Important approaches – such as paleopathology – are still incipient for some groups of the Quaternary Megafauna (e.g. toxodon, macrauchenia, mastodons) in the Brazilian Intertropical Region (RIB). The diseases originated in an ecological context, being related to the individuals' autoecology, and interrelated environmental factors may also have contributed to the incidence of diseases, triggering pathological metabolic disorders. The aim of this work is to analyze pathological changes in fossils of Quaternary mammals, and discuss their ecological, environmental and disease distribution implications in megafauna during the Quaternary period in the RIB. The materials to be analyzed belong to the Paleontology collection of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) and were collected in a tank deposit located in Serra do Medo - Caruaru, State of Pernambuco (8°6.8225'S 36°6.0349'W) . Specimens were analyzed macroscopically. Diagnosis followed according to specific literature. New occurrences of Spondyloarthropathy, bone infection and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease were identified in representatives of the Megafauna of the RIB, in addition to being the first record of beign neoplasia and joint depression in animals of the Megafauna. It was possible to infer correlations between paleoecological/paleenvironmental information with new paleopathological findings, supporting the future understanding of the main causes of Pleistocene mammals to manifest such diseases.

 Luffa operculata is a vine species native to Brazil widely used for the treatment of respiratory diseases, howerver, studies indicate its effectiveness in the treatment of other diseases. Candida spp. are fungi that annually kill approximately 1.5 million people. Within this genus, C. albicans e C. krusei species are human pathogens that cause a high death rate of infected. Treatments for diseases caused by these microorganisms consist of antifungals, which can cause fungal resistance. The interest in plant species that have biotechnological applications is of great interest to society. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of protein extracts from Luffa operculata seeds against C. albicans e C. krusei fungi. In this perspective, seeds of the species were crushed to form the protein flour that originated the extracts. From these extracts, the parameters were evaluated: electrophoretic profile of the proteins extracted from the seeds; concentration of soluble proteins; growth inhibition rate of these microorganisms; enzymatic activities; pore formation through fluorescence assays and morphological aspects of the fungal cell through scanning electron microscopy. Test samples were used in triplicate. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test, using the GraphPad Prism, with a significance of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that proteins from the seeds of L. operculata have antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. krusei fungi. Which is observed when analyzing the rate of inhibition of fungal growth for the species, observing the scanning electron microscopy images that demonstrate damage to the surface of fungal cells, and fluorescence microscopy that show the formation of pores in the membrane and cell wall of fungi, as well as the formation of reactive oxygen species, indicating the extracts from seeds of this species as a potential plant resource for the treatment of diseases caused by C. albicans and C. krusei.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the main health problems due to the high rates of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi. In addition, microorganisms have a very efficient defense mechanism, the formation of biofilms. In this sense, the discovery of new bioactive products that have antimicrobial activity is extremely relevant to overcome the current problems of antibiotic resistance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of essential oil extracted from Lippia gracilis, associated with a natural ointment and also with the antibiotic ampicillin, against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923, ATCC 700698 and JKD6008). The antimicrobial activity of the L. gracilis oil, the ointment and the association between them was evaluated in microdilution assays in plates through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MIC values of the essential oil were used in combination with the antibiotic ampicillin and its effects were evaluated using the checkerboard technique. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated by quantification of biofilm biomass by crystal violet (CV) staining and by the number of viable biofilm cells by colony forming units (CFU) count. The essential oil presented MIC at 2.5 mg/mL for the three strains of S. aureus and CBM only for S. aureus JKD6008 at the same concentration. The ointment, on the other hand, showed no antimicrobial activity on the three strains tested. The association of the essential oil with the ointment resulted in MIC for S. aureus ATCC 25923 at 2.5 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL for S. aureus ATCC 700698 and S. aureus JKD6008. Furthermore, they showed CBM at 5 mg/mL in S. aureus ATCC 25923 and ATCC 700698. The synergistic effect against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (ICIF=0.375), S. aureus ATCC 700698 (ICIF=0.375) strains. Regarding antibiofilm activity, the essential oil of L. gracilis, the ointment and the association between oil and ointment were able to significantly reduce the formation of biofilms and preformed biofilms. In conclusion, the essential oil of L. gracilis showed antimicrobial activity against different strains of S. aureus and their biofilms, either alone or associated with a natural ointment and also with ampicillin.

For humanity, water has been changing its values according to the expansion of societies in the world and the growing technological and industrial advance, ceasing to be just a natural resource, used to satisfy basic needs and starting to have economic value. The present study aims to analyze the water demand and supply in the municipalities that make up the Apodi-Mossoró river basin, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, between the years 2017 to 2020, a period that went through recurrent and prolonged droughts, with low rainfall, from the perspective of municipal managers, in addition to evaluating the importance of the São Francisco River Integration Project for that basin. The procedures used for the development of this research consisted of a bibliographic review on aspects of the natural and socioeconomic framework, in addition to the application of forms that made it possible to understand the demand and supply of water resources and the techniques used by managers during periods of water scarcity. The method used to obtain data from the municipalities regarding the types of supply sources and on the management of water supply and demand, and the quality of water, was the quantitative, through graphs obtained through the responses of the managers, and the qualitative method. used for the subjective description of the results. As a result, the study highlighted the water supply strategies of the municipalities in the face of scarcity, noting that several methods were used, such as the water truck, to meet the population demand, prioritizing human consumption. Conflicts over the use of water are non-existent in most of the basin, through population awareness. The transposition of the São Francisco is seen as a solution to guarantee water security and the committee is rarely used to mediate any type of conflict.

Sea turtles are very important sentinels for One Health and for the monitoring of the ecosystem these animals inhabit. In the Potiguar Basin are registered the five species of sea turtles that occur in Brazil. Through the Beach Monitoring Project of the Potiguar Basin (PMP-BP), the live stranded animals are sent to the Center of Rehabilitation of Marine Fauna of the Cetáceos da Costa Branca Project of the Rio Grande do Norte State University (PCCB-UERN) for recovery and investigation of standings and mortality. This study aimed to characterize epidemiological aspects of stranding and mortality of sea turtles under rehabilitation in 2020. Third-four (34) strandings events were identified and included the species Chelonia mydas, Lepidochelys olivacea and Caretta caretta, among juveniles (n=29) and female adults (n=5). Stretch E (n=19) had the highest record of strandings, followed by stretch B (n=8), A (n=4), C (n=3) and D (n=0). The temporal distribution of the strandings occurred with predominance between October 2019 and March 2020 and October and December 2020. Beaches, mangrove, river margin, sea and river were that environments of occurrence of individuals sent to rehabilitation. Solid wastes (n=4), bycatch (n=2), entanglement (n =1), complications associated with fibropapilomatosis (FP) (n=7), physical trauma (n=9), neurological disorders (n=1), buoyancy disorders (n=3) and indetermined (n=7) were the causes of stranding characterized. Causes of mortality related to the ingestion of solid wastes (n=3) were gastrointestinal perforation, obstruction and compaction; to complications associated with fibropapilomatosis were (n=3) pulmonary nodules associated with septic shock and respiratory insufficiency, hypovolemic shock and an infection scenario; causes of mortality related to physical trauma (n=4) were systemic infection scenario with initial apparent involvement of the respiratory system, renal failure, cardiorespiratory arrest and hepatic encephalopathy; to buoyancy disorder (n=1) were generalized infection with the main involvement of the liver; and to indetermined (n=6) were an acute infectious pulmonary scenario, complications of drownings, as lungs with emphysematous aspect, ingestion of fishing artifact, septic shock and endotoxemia predisposing to hepatopathy. The findings on solid wastes included plastic and fishing artifact, to bycatch and entanglement fishing artifact and physical lesions. Tumors of FP were identified in eyes, head, neck, limbs, cervical and inguinal regions; physical trauma were characterized in abrasions, marcs, injuries, bone exposure, perforation, absence of limbs, necrosis, cranial injury. Epibionts, such as barnacles, mud, or algae, ectoparasites, such as leech and leech eggs were observed in some animals admitted into the Rehabilitation Center. All categories presented a release rate (n=17), but different rates of mortality were observed. Sea turtle health surveillance through the One health Approach can reveal the infaces with which sea turtle health connects. This action for conservation can provide knowledge for a more detailed characterization of stranding and mortality occurrences, information for access of ecosystem health, contribute to health surveillance in One Health and with the Objectives of the Sustainable Development and multiprofissionality for prevention, control and mitigatory measurements.

Several studies prove that caffeine is a persistent chemical substance with toxic effects on the environment, indicating, therefore, the real need for its degradation in domestic wastewater. In this way, the development of efficient techniques for water treatment and removal of emerging high solubility markers is of great importance due to the management of environmental and health risks. As a methodology, experimental conditions were used in order to achieve better results, as well as the intrinsic parameters of each technique used. The investigative techniques applied were UV-vis Absorption Spectroscopy, to determine the concentration of caffeine and quantify the generation of persulfate generated in the system, and Differential Pulse Voltammetry, as an additional technique for quantification of the compound under study. Variables such as electrolytes, anodes and current densities were investigated during the application of the electrochemical treatment, in order to verify the behavior of caffeine degradation and simultaneous evolution of green H2 produced in the system, since hydrogen has been widely explored and is still considered the fuel of the future. It should be noted that the entire system worked from photovoltaic energy, with the expectation of reducing the costs arising from its application. As a result of the degradation of caffeine, it was possible to observe that the best electrolyte and anode applied were Na2SO4 0.5 mol L-1 and BDD, respectively. In terms of current density, the one that presented the best results was the one of 45 mAcm-2, which favored the generation of a greater amount of hydroxyl radicals, promoting a greater removal of the compound under study, in addition to the greater production of green H2, this which directly depends on the applied current and the electrolysis time. Finally, the objective of this research was to verify which electrolyte and anode would generate more promising results in the degradation of an effluent contaminated with caffeine, proving the efficiency of electrochemical treatment in wastewater and, in addition to this, highlighting the feasibility of integrating hydrogen production in the effluent treatment associated with the use of solar energy.

During biodiesel production, large volumes of residues containing glycerol are generated, resulting from the transesterification reaction of triglycerides. A portion of this co-product is used by the industrial sector, but a representative fraction ends up being inappropriately discarded or stored, triggering several environmental and socioeconomic problems. As an alternative, we have the selective electrooxidation of glycerol in anodes coated with metallic electrocatalysts, which aims to convert it into products with greater added value. It is a subarea of Environmental Electrochemistry that is in constant and full development, but which is still surrounded by challenges, especially in relation to the high cost of some catalysts for commercialization and adaptation on a possible industrial scale. Anodes coated with metallic oxides have shown great potential for the electrooxidation of organic compounds, but the literature does not include studies involving glycerol, including in relation to its electroconversion into products with higher added value. This project seeks to reduce this gap, contributing to the state of the art on the application of dimensionally stable anodes (Ti/ Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2) for the selective electrooxidation of glycerol. The procedure was optimized by studies of current density (60 mA cm‒2), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH 4), temperature (30 °C), concentration of the supporting electrolyte (0.01 mol L‒1 Na2SO4) and treatment (10 h). From the selection of the ideal parameters, a conversion rate above 40% of glycerol in formic acid - major product was found. The energy cost associated with the glycerol electrooxidation reaction under the established conditions was R$ 12.09, that is, the proposed procedure associate efficiency and economic viability. The selective electrooxidation of glycerol in Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 can also be a more sustainable alternative for the treatment of effluents enriched with this polyalcohol.

Due to the great concern with environmental issues and with the removal of potentially contaminating compounds from water bodies, among these, the cosmetics used in the various procedures performed in beauty salons, several studies related to the treatment of effluents and contaminated surface waters have been developed in the recent years, according to Durán (2018). And among the alternatives of great interest are the electrochemical processes, which are basically based on the application of methods that are capable of generating •OH radicals, since these have great oxidizing potential, capable of degrading organic compounds present in the effluents to be treated, reaching sometimes total mineralization. Many procedures can be applied to treat these residues from beauty procedures, but this article focuses on the use of electrochemical oxidation, more specifically in anodic oxidation, through Boron Dopped Diamond (BDD) anodes and Dimensionally Dimensional Anodes. Stables (DSA) for the treatment of a real effluent, from a hair coloring process, collected at the time of rinsing, from a beauty salon in the city of Assú/RN. For the oxidations carried out in this work, three current densities were applied, these being 30 mA.cm-2, 60 mA.cm-2 and 90 mA.cm-2. Within the study, it was observed the need to use the electrolyte Na2SO4 for current conduction. After the experimental tests, the following parameters of the treated samples were observed: pH, potential and COD. Significant results were obtained, as follows: the test performed with a BDD anode, with a density of 90 mAcm-2, removed about 96,5% of organic matter present in the sample, but the cost was R$87.07/hour. In the test with the DSA anode, about 90% of organic matter was removed, using a lower current density, only 60 mAcm-2 and a cost of R$15.22/h. The use of the DSA anode becomes much more viable if we take into account the costs, and it is also quite efficient.

The abundance of introduced species in different types of ecosystems is associated with several factors such as: environmental conditions, absence of natural predators, food plasticity, availability of resources and habitats. For this reason, the aims of this work was investigate how the climate and the use and land cover around of the Santa Cruz Reservoir, located in municipality of Apodí / RN, influence the abundance of Plagioscion squamosissimus a Amazonian native fish introduced in reservoirs of semi-arid Brazilian region. For this, were used: a) Data of average temperature and accumulated precipitation of the municipality of Apodi / RN obtained from the historical database of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), collected at the meteorological station of the Rio Grande do Norte Agricultural Research Company (EMPARN); b) Volumetric data of the Santa Cruz Reservoir obtained through the portal of the Rio Grande do Norte Secretary of Environment and Water Resources (SEMARH – RN); c) Data from the Santa Cruz Reservoir water layer and the land use and land cover categories, obtained through the processing of images from different satellites, to which the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Finally, the ichthyofauna, was sampled in the Santa Cruz reservoir, at eight points distributed along the water body, during the months of February, May, August and November, in the years of 2013, 2015 and 2017 in a partnership between the Federal Rural University of the Semiarid (UFERSA) and the Rio Grande do Norte state University (UERN), where, the individuals collected were identified, quantified and the relative abundance of P. squamosissimus was calculated by the ratio of the number of individuals of the species studied by the total number of individuals collected, this result being multiplied by 100, where the percentage of that species in relation to the others during the days of capture is obtained. The results show a reduction over time in the volume and in the area of the water depth of the reservoir, highlighting in the composition of its surroundings, two main categories of land use and cover, the undergrowth and the exposed soil that are inversely proportional to each other, the correlation of these two categories with the abundance of P.squamosissimus was positive with the area of exposed soil and negative with the undergrowth, the latter being the only category that presented statistical significance among the categories of use and land cover (R² adj: 0.273, P = 0.04), that is, the reduction of undergrowth around the reservoir is associated with an increase in the relative abundance of corvina, this indicates that, in more severe climatic conditions such as a situation of scarcity water, where the vegetation usually loses its leaves, for example, there is an increase in organic matter coming from the banks, bringing changes in the conditions and resources that that allow the survival of this species.

The generation of industrial waste is an obstacle for its management, the ceramic sector stands out as a potential generator. In view of this, the use of this residue is proposed as a source of calcium oxide for the synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a bioceramic that requires calcium. Therefore, characterization was carried out through FRX, TG/DTG and XRD analysis of the calcined material at different temperatures and non-calcined, in percentages combined between the commercial and alternative source. As well as proceeded the synthesis of HAPRCal800 using 100% of the residue as calcium source. It can thus be observed that, among the materials, RCal700 had significant quantities in all analyzes with a majority composition of 78.83% of calcium, which factors corroborate to be the heating range used in subsequent studies. As for the synthesis, it can be observed that the percentages of calcium HAPR were higher than the HAPP, and related to the loss of mass and formation of the phases, both had similar results showing the feasibility of using the residue as a substitute for the commercial source of calcium.