The importance of decarbonizing the energy matrix has led to the search for territories for the implementation of “Clean Energy”. However, protected areas have been chosen to install these types of projects, leaving significant socio-environmental impacts. The study proposed to analyze the relationship between the expansion of wind energy projects and sustainability in the geographic space of APA Dunas do Rosado with the specific objectives: understanding whether the conflict of interest between the delay in the creation of APADR and the expansion of wind energy caused the delay in establishing the APA, evaluate the locational alternatives for Wind Energy projects in the APA, and verify the perception of social agents about wind farms in the APADR. The research used a case study methodology, with a qualitative approach, using analysis of documents relating to the UC creation process, electronic newspaper articles, environmental licensing process, and open interviews. Twelve interviews were carried out, using as criteria the choice of representatives of civil society who act as leaders in coastal communities, landowners with wind farms, and representatives of public authorities from the Municipalities of Areia Branca, Municipalities of Porto do Mangue and IDEMA. By analyzing the data, you can observe several conflicts involving the Creation of APADR. The process of creating the conservation unit took an average of twelve years. Speculation regarding the implementation of wind farms has increased territorial conflicts in the area. Furthermore, the locational alternatives for the projects did not consider the environmental fragility of coastal ecosystems in their studies. The representatives' perception differs about the presence of wind farm installation in APADR, and some relevant points are: transparency in decision-making processes, locational alternatives, hope for development. Therefore, the study proposes to contribute to studies of the socio-environmental impacts of wind energy in the Global South, especially in a conservation unit.

Rural workers possess geographical knowledge acquired through experiences on the land, rooted in their cultural foundations. This knowledge, based on attentive observation of nature, leads them to create explanations and terms for elements and phenomena in their environment. This study aims to identify how small farmers in the northeastern semi-arid region apply this knowledge in land use and management, focusing on farmers from rural communities in Sítio Raiz, Pau dos Ferros; Sítio Pêga, Portalegre; and Sítio Agreste of the São Miguel, located in the Sertaneja Depression of Rio Grande do Norte. Through literature review, document analysis, and field research, the findings reveal that these farmers possess extensive knowledge of exogenous geomorphological processes, understood through their perception. Moreover, they apply this knowledge in their agro-pastoral practices, demonstrating a systemic understanding of the landscape and emphasizing the relationship between topography and soil. The influence of various cultures on their perception and interaction with the natural environment shapes agricultural practices, religious beliefs, and approaches to environmental conservation.

The objective of this study has been to investigate the public green areas of urban environmental spaces in Nova Parnamirim district, Parnamirim-RN, from 1973 to 2020, evaluating the context of land use and occupation, the public green areas rate (IAVP) and the quality of these spaces. The study was developed following the following steps: conceptual survey of green areas, green areas importance and characteristic, the concept of public green, the analysis of the urban evolution of the Nova Parnamirim district, considering the approved and implemented land subdivisions on a time scale per decade, in the identification, quantification and qualification of public green areas, in the comparative analysis of the public green areas rate (IAVP), in the methodological development to quantify and evaluate public green areas. To the development of this qualitative research, methodological procedures were adopted that had the logical basis of investigation divided into three phases. At first, considered open or exploratory, it consisted of examining the relevant literature, realizing that there is a complexity in obtaining a harmonious definition of the concept regarding green areas or even public green areas. In the second moment, called data collection, it allowed a reading of the demographic reality of the Nova Parnamirim district. Finally, at the last moment, systematic analysis and interpretation of the data. As a result, it was found that the Nova Parnamirim district should present an IAVP of approved land subdivisions of 3.69 m² per inhabitant. However, during the urbanization process there was a real loss of 1.86 m² per inhabitant. of these spaces due to political circumstances of the municipal administration, the city's IAVP is 1.83 m² per inhabitant, but of the value, only 0.44 m² per inhabitant was urbanized and makes up the landscape heritage of the mentioned district, with 01 ( one) sports center and 06 (six) public squares distributed in 06 (six) land subdivisions, the qualitative evaluation of these 07 (seven) public green areas demonstrated that 33.34% of the spaces had positive results against 50.00% that were classified as bad.

This study aims to analyze the use of public squares in Mossoró and its socio-environmental contribution to the quality of life of the population, and in the specific objectives to identify the public squares, characterizing them according to their infrastructure and existing vegetation; identify the different types of use of public squares, elaborating a typology of the same; understand the spatial differences between the most and least frequented squares in the research areas. In order to obtain these objectives, exploratory and descriptive research, of the quantitative and qualitative type, was used in methodological procedures, bibliographical research and secondary data from official sources provided the conceptual and informative elements necessary for the study. In the spatial area of the research, five (05) squares were selected in each zone of the city, north, south, east, west and central zone, the selection for the research took place as follows: the three (03) most frequented squares and the two (02) with the greatest vegetation cover in each of the zones. It was with this intent that the structure was evaluated (quali-quantitatively) and the vegetation survey of the 25 squares was carried out. A questionnaire was also applied to 90 people (sample of the population) who frequent the squares in the five zones. The results found with the study and analysis that public squares are in fact elements present in urban environments that contribute to the quality of life of society.

The urbanisation process in the Northeastern semi-arid region, where the physiographic characteristics are such that the water bodies remain for less time on the surface, ended up following urban occupation patterns over its bordering and channel areas. In this perspective, it is presented the city of Assú/RN, in a conjuncture that in recent years due to real estate growth, announces changes in the limits society-nature, since in some places of the city the urbanization process has modified areas around the river channels. Thus, this research seeks to understand the impacts of urbanization in intermittent river channels and their possible implications for urban planning in the municipality of Assú/RN. For this, from the morphometric analysis through the analysis methodology of Cunha (2011), Taveira (2018) and Cavalcante, Grigio, Diodato (2021), where the following variables are applied (Drainage density (Dd), maintenance coefficient (Cm), basin shape (Ic), sinuosity index (Is)), the present work presented that in their normal conditions, without anthropic interference, the analyzed watersheds express high infiltration rate, high drainage density, because its surface runoff occurs uniformly and low expressivity for floods and flooding, being these hydrological responses changed due to the urbanization factor. Culminating with the previous results, the research will also seek to demonstrate the types of use and coverage of areas along the banks of river channels located in the urban area of the municipality of Assú/RN dialoguing with instruments and guidelines of environmental order and territorial planning, thus assisting in understanding the impacts of urbanization in intermittent river channels and their possible implications for urban planning of the municipality field. This is a contribution to scientific studies on Hydrogeography and Physical and Environmental Geography, as well as to the assistance to the public authorities in the knowledge of the problems existing in the urban space of the city of Assú.

The teaching of Geography in elementary school aims to promote the study and/or problematization of the place as a living space. This is understood as a category of analysis of geographic space. In this sense, in the last decade, with the p promulgation of the BNCC, productions of pedagogical teaching materials that address the reality on a local scale have been encouraged. Such productions include municipal school atlases. In this sense, the general objective of this research is to elaborate the School Geographic Atlas of the Municipality of Assú (RN), to be used as a didactic material for teaching-learning the discipline Geography in the second cycle of elementary school. The specific objectives were: a) to build a graphic language together with environmental and social components for the development of the geographic look, integrating in teaching practices; b) to build a theoretical-methodological basis on social and environmental issues in geography teaching; c) to analyze the understanding of teachers of the municipal network about the Atlas, having as reference environmental and social themes, associating them with the context of geography teachingThe methodological stages of the research consist s: Bibliographic survey, which allowed reflections on the theoretical methodological approach of elaboration of municipal school atlases; Cartographic survey, where websites of public agencies such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were consulted, with the objective of verifying the vector and matrix data preexisting of the area under study; Work in a cabinet, which aimed to work the vector and matrix files, as well as to elaborate the cartographic products; Field research, where it allowed the recognition of the geographic space (urban and rural) of the municipality surveyed; Organization of the boards that make up the Atlas; Organization of the working group with teachers of the municipal network, aiming to analyze and contribute in the preparation of the material. As results, it is highlighted that the School Geographic Atlas of Assú-RN, is organized in didactic boards, these being systematized through texts, images, graphs, tables and maps, as well as suggestions for activities that allow the deepening of the contents, contributing to a greater clarity of geographic concepts, as well as research on the local space. As final considerations, we highlight that the School Geographic Atlas of Assú, contributes to the teaching of Geography in a holistic perspective, based on the study of the place as a category of analysis of geographic space.

Due to the irregularity of rainfall in the northeastern semi-arid region, as well as the excessive use, pollution/contamination of water, water scarcity is a central issue in the geography of this region. Based on drought coexistence policies, water social technologies implemented in rural communities in the semi-arid Northeastern region are strategies that have contributed to mitigate the effects of water scarcity. In this context, having the community of Porto do Carão, - RN as its locus, this work sought to analyze the contribution of Social Water Technologies (TSH) to household water security, taking into account the specificities of the study area, located on the left bank of the Piranhas-Açu River, with a significant number of cisterns. Household water insecurity was diagnosed through the application of structured questionnaires with objective questions. The questions were structured according to the dimensions analyzed by the UN (2010) and Jepson (2014) around water security. The results show cisterns from the One Million Cisterns Program (P1MC) and the One Land and Two Waters Program (P1+2) in the community, as an alternative to the conventional supply system that does not serve the entire community, with constant intermittence, shortages and quality of supply. water below potable conditions, generating dependence on other water sources, as well as the use of water trucks to transport water to homes. The cisterns function as a way of storing water from alternative sources, mainly rainwater. However, despite the mitigating action of TSH, household water insecurity has its effects strongly present in the community.

This work aims to analyze the main problems caused to public spaces in Mossoró/RN, due to the introduction of external media that directly impact the urban landscape. In addition, point out about the advance of globalization through the manifestos of different brands, through external advertising and the expansion of visual materials that the media cause, based on the concepts of authors of geography, architecture and advertising. It uses as methodological procedures bibliographical research, field studies, photographs and graphics from specialized suppliers in the segment that help in the distribution of advertising material throughout the city. Through this, the study aims to analyze the different formats of these media, what are their respective objectives and impacts. Through this, it will be possible to investigate how advertising affects the urban landscape of Mossoró through data from the main catalysts, if it deviates from its main objective which is to communicate and how the geographic space is being shaped with these new elements being inserted in its environment.

he study of environmental fragility is one of the main means of analysis used in the organization and elaboration of the environmental territory, since this type of investigation allows us to perceive and analyze the natural characteristics of spaces, as well as their possible restrictions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the different degrees of Environmental Fragility in the Municipality of Pendências/RN, with the use of Geotechnologies, so that it was possible to identify and differentiate the types of use and land cover of the years 2001 and 2021, as well as identifying the Biophysical characteristics: (A) Vegetation Coverage, (B) Slope, (C) Rainfall, (D) Soils, (E) Biodiversity and finally preparing the synthesis letters of potential, emerging and 

environmental fragility . In this way, the methodology adopted in this work consisted of the proposal made by Ross (1994) for the analysis of the weaknesses of the natural and anthropized environments from the systemic premises, where all the cartography of this research, were elaborated through the open source software QGIS being designed in accordance with Federal Decree No. 89,817. Thus, the results showed that in the municipality of Pendências the areas with the greatest environmental weaknesses are the areas that correspond to regions close to the course of the Piranhas Açu River, with an area of 3.73% in relation to the entire territory. The areas with Environmental Fragility average 2.93% and the areas denominated as low and very low Fragility with 26.23% and 53.68%, respectively. Therefore, the research carried out was successful in fulfilling the established objectives, providing valuable contributions for the understanding and interpretation of the existing problems in the study area.

Cliffs are among the main landforms most present in the coastal zone. Through systemic analysis, natural processes such as marine, wind, and rainwater can be observed, in addition to human action that, over times, have been modifying the landscape aspects of the community of Redonda, located in the municipality of Icapuí-CE. In recent years, the accelerated urbanization of its coastal strip and the effects of the retreat of the coastline caused part of its population to migrate to the hillside areas, establishing their residences, also considering factors of real estate speculation. Over time, human activities linked to tourism-real estate growth and accelerated urbanization may have exceeded the support limit of this geo-environmental unit (cliffs), causing environmental impacts. Thus, it was necessary to study this dynamic on a local scale, in order to understand the main factors and agents involved in the process of occupation of the cliffs. This work aimed to analyze the dynamics of the use and occupation of the cliffs in the community of Redonda, focusing on environmental, legal and risk perception aspects. In this research, the qualitative-quantitative methodology was used from the perspective of systemic geographic analysis of the landscape, through the interconnection of flows, with fieldwork to investigate and record natural processes, impacts and risks, also presenting structured data from the application of questionnaires about the socio-environmental perception of local residents. It was also evidenced the geological risks of landslides that the population is subject to when living in natural areas considered unstable, especially in the current scenario of climate imbalance. Finally, the work presents proposals for improving the planning and occupation of these areas with the municipal environmental control and organs in charge, considering the landscape components and the conservation, preservation and protection measures, from the legal aspects of land use and occupation in the cliff sectors.

Cliffs are among the main landforms present in the coastal zone. Through systemic analyses, natural, marine, wind and rain processes can be seen, in addition to human action that, over time, have been modifying the landscape aspects of the community of Redonda, located in the municipality of Icapuí-CE. In recent years, the accelerated occupation of its coastal strip and the effects of the retreat of the coastline have caused part of its population to migrate to the hillside areas, settling their homes, also considering factors of real estate speculation. Over time, human activities linked to tourism-real estate growth and accelerated urbanization may have surpassed the support limit of this geoenvironmental unit (cliffs), causing environmental impacts. Thus, it was necessary to study this dynamic on a local scale, in order to understand the main factors and agents involved in the process of occupation of the cliffs. This work aimed to analyze the dynamics of the use and occupation of the cliffs in the community of Redonda, focusing on environmental and legal aspects and on the perception of risks. A qualitative-quantitative approach was used from the perspective of systemic geographic analysis of the landscape, through the interconnection of flows, with field work to investigate and record natural processes, impacts and risks, also presenting structured data from the application of questionnaires about the socio-environmental perception of local residents. The geological risks of mass movements that the population is subject to when living in natural areas considered unstable, especially in the current scenario of climate change, were also evidenced. Finally, the work presents proposals for improving the organization and occupation of these areas with the municipal environmental control, considering the landscape components and conservation, preservation and protection measures, based on legal aspects of use and occupation of the soil in the cliff sectors.

The present study aims to analyze how the disorderly use of land in the tabular interfluves (Interior Tablelands) of the lower course of the Jaguaribe River accelerated the erosive processes in these landforms, correlating it as a determining factor and suggesting alternatives for mitigating the effects of erosion in degraded areas. Thus, knowing and understanding the problems of the semi-arid region, in which Baixo Jaguaribe is inserted, is an important, necessary and essential task for better planning of the space. In order to achieve the proposed objective, a qualitative and quantitative methodology was adopted, supported by methodological technical procedures that involved bibliographical research, production of cartographic material and 3D digital drawings, fieldwork and integrated diagnosis of the potentialities and limitations of tabular interfluves based on the analysis of land use in this space over a period of 36 years (1985-2021). Thus, it was demonstrated that inadequate human actions through the indiscriminate suppression of the savanna vegetation cover (-22.77%) for the practice of agricultural activities - perennial (+304.61%) and temporary crops (+1,262.94%), shrimp farming (+334.61%), urban infrastructure (738.79%), in addition to other uses such as mining, especially in areas on the edge of the plateau, contributed mostly to changing the features of the place with the emergence of significant erosive incisions, causing environmental, economic and social damage. Therefore, in view of the acute scenario of degradation, it is recommended to readjust the productive activities in the area of the tablelands, simultaneously with the use of conservationist practices (erosion containment, soil decompression and fertilization and reforestation), through a rational management that incorporates science as a materializer of such practices.

The high consumption of civil construction products has led red ceramic factories to increase production to meet the needs of the consumer market. The increase in this activity has allowed the exploitation of natural resources to be increased, which has caused diverse socio-environmental problems driven by the ceramic sector, among them: changing the landscape, deforestation of native vegetation and contamination of air quality. In this scenario, the municipality of Itajá is among the main producers of red ceramics in Rio Grande do Norte, due to this economic expansion. The research aims to investigate the environmental impacts caused by the red ceramic industry in the municipality of Itajá/RN, highlighting the causes and these impacts, in addition to characterizing the geoenvironmental factors of the municipality and the use and occupation of the soil. Motivated by the attractive geoenvironmental conditions for the ceramic enterprise, such as water, clay and vegetation, the red ceramic ceramics settled in the municipality of Itajá due to these raw materials, fundamental for the development of ceramic products. The dissertation text is divided into four sections: in the first section is the introduction of the research indicating the reader to the brief analysis of the discussion of the work. In the second section, it was destined to the development of the methodological stages, anchored in the theoretical discussions; in cartographic production; in field research and in the systematization of data that consolidated the investigation. In the third phase, the theoretical framework is presented, consisting of theoretical discussions on the topic under discussion. In the fourth section we have the results of the research, which highlights the growth of the ceramics activity in recent years, responsible for stimulating various environmental problems, with emphasis on deforestation, vegetation clearing and soil degradation that advances in these places. Finally, it is expected that this study will also contribute to new research and decision-making by public and private authorities in environmental planning, especially awareness of natural resources, so that these companies invest their capital in sustainable and innovative practices, such as the use of alternative energy sources, the proper management of natural resources and the recovery of degraded areas.

The inadequate disposal of solid waste brings serious consequences and harm to the population. In Brazil, the vast majority of small municipalities are those that have a lack of ongoing public policies and social vulnerability, as is the case of Ipanguaçu, located in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), which with the increase in the urban population has The visibility of inadequate disposal of solid waste, popularly called garbage, also increased. In this sense, the general objective of this research was to analyze the management of solid waste in the municipality of Ipanguaçu (RN), understanding the resulting socio-environmental problems. The research was carried out in the twenty-seven rural communities of the municipality. The approach adopted was qualitative and quantitative, bibliographical, documentary and field research was carried out, as data collection instruments, semi-structured questionnaires were applied to local residents and interviews were carried out with representatives of the municipal public authorities. The results revealed that planning for the correct management of solid waste based on the National and State Solid Waste Plan (BRASIL, 2010) is absent in the interviews, emphasizing the importance of projects and meetings with all social segments. During visits to communities, it was found that there is a lack of regular and selective collection extending to rural areas, with residents opting for burning and hoarding, harming the sustainable environmental development of Ipanguaçu. The main proposals suggested were the creation of the intermunicipal consortium, monitoring of the recycling cooperative, partnership between communities, school management and cooperative.